New research shows about 90% of marine fish sold by major US retailers are taken from the wild.
The study, led by Dr Bing Lin from the University of Sydney, highlights how murky supply chains hide the trade’s true impact.
Each year, around 55 million marine animals are sold worldwide, mostly caught from the western Pacific and Indian oceans.
“The issue is how opaque it is — from reef to retail,” Lin said.
Among the fish sold were 45 species listed as threatened, including Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
Many species slip through international protections, entering markets despite conservation concerns.
Researchers warn that poorly managed wild capture risks depleting populations and damaging fragile reef ecosystems.
Experts say better oversight, eco-certification, and consumer awareness are vital to ensure sustainable sourcing.
Dr Marian Wong added: “The more information we have, the more we can make choices that protect ocean life.”
