Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming or dancing can serve as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A major analysis of 63 reviews covering nearly 80,000 people found that physical activity significantly reduced symptoms, especially in young adults and new mothers.
The findings, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, show that heart-rate-raising aerobic exercise had the strongest impact on depression. Resistance training and yoga also helped, though to a lesser extent. Group or supervised sessions delivered additional benefits, suggesting that social interaction plays a key role.
Lead researcher Neil Munro of James Cook University said exercise can sometimes match or exceed traditional treatments for mild cases. Short, low-intensity programmes lasting a few months appeared especially helpful for anxiety.
Experts urged caution for people with severe depression. Dr Brendon Stubbs of King’s College London said exercise can support treatment but should not replace therapy or medication where needed. Professor Michael Bloomfield of UCL added that group activities such as Zumba may help some people, but many with severe symptoms may struggle to participate.
