Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won the 2025 Nobel Prize for discovering how the immune system avoids attacking the body.
Their work uncovered regulatory T-cells — the “brakes” of the immune system — and the key FoxP3 gene that controls them.
“These cells prevent autoimmune diseases like diabetes and multiple sclerosis,” said Prof Adrian Liston.
The discovery has inspired new treatments to boost T-cells for autoimmune disorders and reduce them in cancer therapy.
“It’s a long-expected and well-deserved prize,” said Prof Adrian Hayday. “Their work transformed modern immunology.”
